Venous Multiple Sclerosis Hypothesis | CCSVI

Professor Zamboni has published a new article:

Venous Collateral Circulation of the Extracranial Cerebrospinal Outflow Routes
Current Neurovascular Research, 2009, 6, 204-212
PDF-Document

Abstract: A new nosologic vascular pattern that is defined by chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has
been strongly associated with multiple sclerosis. The picture is characterized by significant obstacles of the main
extracranial cerebrospinal veins, the jugular and the azygous system, and by the opening of substitute circles. The
significance of collateral circle is still neglected. To the contrary, substitute circles are alternative pathways or vicarious
venous shunts, which permit the drainage and prevent intracranial hypertension. In accordance with the pattern of
obstruction, even the intracranial and the intrarachidian veins can also become substitute circles, they permit redirection of
the deviated flow, piping the blood towards available venous segments outside the central nervous system. We review the
complex gross and radiological anatomy of collateral circulation found activated by the means of EchoColor-Doppler and
selective venography in the event of CCSVI, focusing particularly on the suboccipital cavernous sinus (SCS), the condylar
venous system, the pterygoid plexus, the thyroid veins, and the emiazygous-lumbar venous anastomosis with the left renal
vein.

There is a thread in TIMS.