Venöse Multiple Sklerose Hypothese | CCSVI

1. [radak11b] Radak D, Tanaskovic S, Marinkovic S, Antonic Z, and Kolar J: Internal jugular vein duplication: a further truncular malformation in a patient with multiple sclerosis. Phlebology. 2011 Oct:. PMID 22037279, doi:10.1258/phleb.2011.011027.
   Vascular Surgery Clinic, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Heroja Milana Tepića 1 Street, Belgrade, Serbia.
   Abstract

   Different internal jugular vein (IJV) abnormalities can be found in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): stenoses, complete occlusion, distortions and intraluminal structures, such as membranes, webs and inverted valves. IJV duplication is a very rare phenomenon. We report a case of right IJV duplication as an incidental finding during IJV morphological and haemodynamic assessment in a patient with MS. A 55-year-old female patient was admitted to our Institute for IJV and vertebral veins morphological and haemodynamic assessment. During the last seven years she had been treated for MS. Colour Doppler ultrasonography in our patient did not reveal IJV or vertebral veins stenoses or abnormal valves, but instead right IJV duplication. This finding was confirmed using multislice computed tomography angiography and by selective phlebography. In conclusion, to our knowledge, a case of IJV duplication in a patient with MS has not been described yet. This further venous malformation can be assessed by the means of Doppler ultrasounds.

• [damadian11a] Damadian RV, and Chu D: The possible role of cranio-cervical trauma and abnormal CSF hydrodynamics in the genesis of multiple sclerosis. Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR. 2011 ;41:1-17. PMID 21970155.
  FONAR Corporation, 110 Marcus Drive, Melville, NY 11747, USA.
  Abstract

  UPRIGHT Multi-Position MR scanning has uncovered a key set of new observations regarding Multiple Sclerosis (MS), which observations are likely to provide a new understanding of the origin of MS. The new findings may also lead to new forms of treatment for MS. The UPRIGHT MRI has demonstrated pronounced anatomic pathology of the cervical spine in five of the MS patients studied and definitive cervical pathology in the other three. The pathology was the result of prior head and neck trauma. All eight MS patients entered the study on a first come first serve basis without priority, and all but one were found to have a history of serious prior cervical trauma which resulted in significant cervical pathology. The cervical pathology was visualized by UPRIGHT MRI. Upright cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cinematography and quantitative measurements of CSF velocity, CSF flow and CSF pressure gradients in the upright patient revealed that significant obstructions to CSF flow were present in all MS patients. The obstructions are believed to be responsible for CSF "leakages" of CSF from the ventricles into the surrounding brain parenchyma which "leakages" can be the source of the MS lesions in the brain that give rise to MS symptomatology. The CSF flow obstructions are believed to result in increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) that generate "leakages" of the CSF into the surrounding brain parenchyma. In all but one MS patient, anatomic pathologies were found to be more severe in the upright position than in the recumbent position. Similarly, CSF flow abnormalities were found to be more severe in the upright position than in the recumbent position in all but one MS patient. Images of the MS patient anatomic pathologies and CSF flow abnormalities are provided with comparison images from normal examinees in Figures 1-15.

Just found this article by accident on Pubmed. I've only read the Abstract. Hmm? I don't know if this is related to our topic.

• [elenein11a] Elenein RG, Sharer LR, Cook SD, Pachner AR, Michaels J, and Hillen ME: A second case of Marburg's variant of multiple sclerosis with vasculitis and extensive demyelination. Mult Scler. 2011 Aug:. PMID 21816761, doi:10.1177/1352458511414042.
  University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Department of Neurology, USA.
  Abstract

  Marburg's variant of multiple sclerosis is a rapidly progressive and malignant form of multiple sclerosis (MS) that usually leads to severe disability or death within weeks to months without remission. Few cases have been described in the literature since the original description by Marburg. The classic pathological findings usually include highly destructive zones of extensive demyelination, necrosis with dense cellular infiltrate, and giant reactive astrocytes. We report a case of a 31-year-old woman with Marburg's variant of MS who, over a period of eight months, became totally disabled, blind, and quadriplegic, with vocal cord paralysis, requiring a tracheostomy. The patient underwent diagnostic stereotactic brain biopsy. Clinical findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), serologic and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, and neuropathology are discussed. MRI showed extensive white matter involvement in the brain and spinal cord that continuously progressed over time. A diagnostic stereotactic brain biopsy revealed extensive active demyelination with unexpected finding of active vasculitis and fibrinoid necrosis with a vascular inflammatory cell infiltrate, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils and rare eosinophils. Serologic work-up for vasculitis and neuromyelitis optica was unremarkable and the CSF showed only one oligoclonal band (OCB) not present in serum. This is the second case of Marburg's variant of MS that demonstrated both demyelination and vasculitis. In our case these features were demonstrated simultaneously, even though the demyelination was the predominant pathological finding. Since vasculitis is not a feature of classic MS, these findings pose the question as to whether Marburg's variant of MS is a true variant or different entity altogether.